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Víctor Pradera Larumbe
Juan Víctor Pradera Larumbe (1872–1936) was a Spanish political theorist and a Carlist politician.
==Family and youth==
Víctor’s paternal family originated from France; his grandfather, Juan Pradera Martinena, lived in the Basque town of Sare (Labourd province),〔Carlos Guinea Suárez, ''Víctor Pradera'', (series ''Temas españoles'', n. 37), Madrid 1953, available (here )〕 but moved across the Pyrenees and settled in Endara de Etxalar.〔José Luis Orella Martínez, ''Víctor Pradera: Un católico en la vida pública de principios de siglo'', Madrid 2000, ISBN 8479145579, p. 14〕 Víctor’s father, Francisco Pradera Leiza, was an indiano. As a youngster he emigrated to America and spent 16 years in Cuba;〔Orella Martínez 2000, p. 15〕 enriched, he returned to Navarre〔Guinea Suárez 1953, Orella Martínez 2000, p. 14, also Idioia Estornés Zubizarreta, ''Victor Pradera Larumbe'' entry at ''Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia'', available (here )〕 and married a pamplonesa,〔Orella Martínez 2000, p. 15〕 Filomena Larumbe,〔some sources prefer the “Larrumbe” spelling, see the official Cortes service (here )〕 descendant to a petty bourgeoisie family. Her father, Ángel Larumbe Iturralde,〔Guinea Suárez 1953, Orella Martínez 2000, p. 14, ''LARUMBE ITURRALDE, Ángel'' entry at ''Gran Enciclopedia Navarra'' online available (here )〕 sided with the legitimists during the First Carlist War and narrowly escaped execution, later to settle in Vera de Bidasoa and to practise as a notary.〔he also supported the Carlists during the Second Carlist War, Guinea Suárez 1953, Orella Martínez 2000, p. 14〕 Juan Víctor was born〔the first Pradera’s biography claimed he was born 1873, see Maximilian García Venero, ''Víctor Pradera, guerrillero de la unidad'', Madrid 1943, s. 17, and this information has been adopted by almost all other authors; the recent biography claims the correct date is 1872, see Orella Martínez 2000, p. 17, also his ''El origen del primer católicismo Español'', (thesis ), Madrid 2012, p. 213〕 as the first of four sons, Juan Víctor, Luis, Juan〔to distinguish between Juan Víctor and Juan José, the older brother was called Victor and this is how he passed into history, Guinea Suárez 1953〕 and Germán. In 1879 he moved with the family to San Sebastian following the professional lot of his father, who ran a commercial construction business.〔some sources claim he constructed houses, see Orella Martínez 2000, p. 15, some sources suggest he was running a commerce business related to construction, Francisco J. Carballo, ''Recordando a Víctor Pradera. Homenaje y crítica'', () ''Aportes'' 81 (2013), p. 99〕
Having obtained bachillerato in Instituto de San Sebastian〔Orella Martínez 2000, p. 15〕 in 1887〔Guinea Suárez 1953〕 he spent a year in Bordeaux and then another one in Bilbao, studying at the Jesuit Deusto college and preparing for engineer studies.〔Guinea Suárez 1953, Orella Martínez 2000, p. 15〕 Having moved to Madrid Pradera entered Escuela de Ingenieros,〔Guinea Suárez 1953, Orella Martínez 2000, p. 17;〕 exact year of his graduation is unknown. He returned to Gipuzkoa in 1897〔Estornés Zubizarreta, ''Victor Pradera Larumbe'', Orella Martínez 2000, p. 17〕 and settled in Tolosa, engaged in the paper mill business of his father.〔Guinea Suárez 1953〕 Reportedly successful as a manager, Pradera later amalgamated the family enterprise into the Papelera Española trust of Rafael Picavea and became a shareholder of this company,〔Orella Martínez 2000, p. 17〕 involved in its activities until the early 20th century.〔some authors claim he gave up business in 1902, see Orella Martínez 2000, p. 17, though he was reported as engaged as late as 1904, see ''Madrid cientifico'' 1904, p. 19, available (here )〕
At the turn of the century he commenced studying law as an unenrolled student in Madrid,〔Guinea Suárez 1953, Carballo 2013, p. 101〕 which he continued for 2 years.〔at that time he was alrady a Cortes deputy; taking the exams unrecognised, Pradera did not reveal his deputy status, see Carballo 2013, p 101〕 Having graduated, in San Sebastian he opened the law chancery and practiced as Inspector General in Cuerpo de Ingenieros de Canales y Puertos simultaneously.〔Carballo 2013, p. 101〕 At unspecified date he obtained PhD in law in Madrid.〔Javier Ibarra, ''Biografias de los ilustres navarros del siglo XIX y parte del XX'', v. 4, Pamplona 1953, p. 318〕 In 1899〔Guinea Suárez 1953〕 Pradera married a donostiarra, María Ortega,〔Carballo 2013, p. 101; Rafael Castela Santos, ''La ejemplar muerte del diputado carlista Víctor Pradera en 1936'', () ''A casa de Sarto'', 13.10.05, available (here )〕 with whom he had 4 children, Javier to become a prominent Francoist politician.〔see his entry at ''Indice Historico de Diputados'', available (here )〕 Víctor’s grandson, Javier Pradera, made his name as a well-known anti-Francoist journalist and publisher, dubbed watchman of the Spanish transition to democracy.〔see ''El Pais'' 21.11.11, available (here )〕
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